Type as Image

SPRING 2026
Professor Mary Banas
SMFA at Tufts

Email: When contacting me, use both my Tufts email and my Gmail

Office Hours: Fridays from 12–1pm, on zoom, or by appointment

Make an appointment for office hours:
https://calendar.app.google/fjv8YceUnWXn5AJj8
please book this by 8am on Fridays.

Graphic Arts Area Instagram
Permissions doc for GRA IG is here


Syllabus:

01 Description
02 Learning Outcomes
03 Assignments
04 How We Work
05 Studio Culture
Tufts University Policies

Calendar
Readings
Tutorials (how to print!)

Review Boards: Advice

Events
Project Briefs:

Weekly Typography Collection
Alphabet Book
FrankenForm
Patterns of Ten
Typographic Poster
Sequence

Submit work:

Google Drive






SYLLABUS


01

What is this course about?

COURSE DESCRIPTION

Barbara Kruger, 2020


Best known for laying aggressively directive slogans over black-and-white photographs that she finds in magazines, Barbara Kruger developed a visual language that was strongly influenced by her early work as a graphic designer. Here, Kruger interrogates the American subject, demanding they examine the conditions of their contemporary capitalist lives, and consider what it is that their flag actually stands for.
Jenny Holzer, 2021


Action Causes More Trouble Than Thought (2021), features one of Jenny Holzer's iconic Truisms. The print employs a highly decorative, cursive font which has been rendered in hand-applied palladium leaf onto a screen-printed silver-grey background. At first, the words remain somewhat elusive, merging into an overall elaborate pattern of flowing curls, but once discerned their meaning becomes clear and the simple message is richly communicated. 
Ed Ruscha


Ed Ruscha: Drum Skins debuts a new body of more than a dozen round paintings made between 2017 and 2019 by the pioneering American artist known for his use of language.  The presentation features text Ruscha painted on found drumheads that he has collected over the past forty years. Informed by memories of the distinctive slang he grew up hearing in Oklahoma, the phrases consist of double and triple negatives such as “I Ain’t Telling You No Lie” and “I Never Done Nobody No Harm.” As Ruscha explains, “I grew up with people that spoke this way.…I was very acutely aware of it and amused by it. It seems like you’d run from incorrect English, but I embraced it. I like seeing it and exposing it.”
Robert Indiana


From the course catalog:

GRA-0011 is designed as an introductory course for artists from various disciplines who use text in their work. This course investigates typography as an expressive form. How can you create intentional meaning with your type, in addition to what the words say? How does form hold meaning? How might we interpret the meaning we gauge from text arrangements? 

This course introduces strategies for creating type as FORM, PATTERN, TEXTURE/SURFACE, and IMAGE. 

Slide lectures, references, readings and project assignments will support students working with self-generated expressive text. 

We will use the Adobe Suite and analog materials. 

We will study vernacular type and the historical development of typographic styles. Students will develop a series of compositions using expressive typography. 

The computer will be our primary tool but not the only one. You are encouraged to bring in skills in calligraphy, photography, and drawing. During the course of this class we will use Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator as the main software applications. A basic course for all designers and all graphic artists using text.

02

What should I expect to learn?

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Lawrence Weiner, 2011
 Gain a practical understanding of type as form

Gain a practical understanding of iterative making

Gain confidence in image-making and composition through a series of rigorous experiments

Make meaning through form, composition, and sequencing

Create speculative content

You will also:

Record and distill elements from your working process, aiming to gain new insight on your artistic practice

Work collaboratively with your peers

Experiment with the RISO printer


03


How are assignments delivered?

PROJECT BRIEFS

Auspicious Tantra of All-Reaching Union Printed during the Western Xia (1038–1227), circa 1139–1193, it is thought to be the earliest extant example of a book printed using wooden movable type.

The Gutenberg Bible, also known as the 42-line Bible, the Mazarin Bible or the B42, was the earliest major book printed in Europe using mass-produced metal movable type.
What is a project brief?
In the professional design world, a designer and client usually meet and have a discussion about the needs of the project. From there, the designer will create a brief that defines what was discussed. The brief usually includes the scope of work, defines deliverables, defines audience, names the key stake holders, and important dates and deadlines. 

How do I submit assignments?
Into our course Google Drive Folder, you will submit research, sketches, drafts, final work as digital flats (e.g. a PDF) as well as photograph and/or video (your poster on the wall, showing scale; a video of hands turning the pages of your book).  You are responsible for submitting work into the folder on time.

Everything you need to know about this course is on this website—what is due, what is coming up, readings and references are linked here. Bookmark this website for your future use. It works best on desktop (not best on your phone). There will be a few occassions when I email you something, but typically I aim to document everything here for convenience and clarity. 

If you have a particular need in terms of how you best process information and require another type of delivery, please notify me by the 2nd class meeting. This may or may not be accompanied by an official accomodation request. 

04

How will I work?

DESIGN PROCESS

How do designers make stuff? The short answer is , there are lots of ways. There are some tenents that come up again and again for designers, like visual research and sketching. 

In this course you will adopt and experiement with a variety of methodologies to design. You will utilize and experiment with the following ways of working:


COLLECTION

CRITICAL REFLECTION

CRITIQUE

DESIGN PROPOSALS

PAPER PROTOTYPES + MOCK-UPS

READING

SKETCHING

VISUAL RESEARCH

WORKING ITERATIVELY


I have been designing professionally since 2003 and before that I was in college studying design like you. Most of the approaches I am sharing are things that work for me time and again, but know that they are many ways to design—you will find your own ways as you move through this work, and you will develop and discover new things as you continue with design beyond this course. 

You can expect to do 4-6 hours of work outside of class.

05

How will we work together?

STUDIO CULTURE

Barbara Kruger
ENGAGED, RESPECTFUL PRESENCE

The nature of a studio environment is a bunch of artists learning and working together. 

Being present in class is more than just physical: it includes but is not limited to:

01. communicating with your peers

02. engaging in critique

03. witnessing lectures and presentations

04. participating in discussions

05. making presentations

06. using campus equipment

07. taking notes 

08. submitting assignments into our class Google Drive folder

The technical and conceptual work in this class builds on the previous week. If you expect to miss class, find that you are missing classes, or obtain a medical issue that may affect your attendance, you will not be able to make up the work and you should withdraw from this course.

Commitment to equity, inclusion, and a practice of freedom


By registering for this course, you are agreeing to a social contract. We recognize that in order to establish the conditions wherein we will collectively and individually develop a practice of freedom, we must confront and undo the work of oppressive indoctrination by challenging, unlearning and relearning modes of thought and existence in a space of generosity, support, and mutuality.

In the context of this class, cultivating a practice of freedom refers to the right of freedom from discrimination, which is afforded every member of this class, as it pertains to citizenship, race, ancestry, ethnicity, cultural expression, class, disability, place of origin, skin color, religious belief, sexual orientation, gender, age, record of offenses, marital status, and family status. This applies to all areas of shared space and related classroom activities including interactions with faculty, visitors, colleagues, and the class as a whole. By registering for this course, you acknowledge that you will be an active and engaged member of this community. You agree to uphold, and when appropriate, advocate for the practice and maintenance of this freedom.

Evaluation


This class is pass/fail. Your performance evaluation is informed by these three things:

—presence + participation: quantitative (20%)

—process: qualitative including risk taking, the quality of experiments/work, and your dedication to your work (40%)

—final output: qualitative (40%)

If you come to class and do the work, you will pass. If you miss class or do not complete work, you may not. Midterm check-in emails will be sent to those in danger of failing this course.

Tufts grades will appear as:

CR, NC. Credit, no credit. Instructors should assign these grades to SMFA undergraduate students taking studio art courses. A grade of NC is not acceptable for degree credit.

The minimum score for passing (CR) is a 59 in the course.


Course Attendance Policy


Your enrollment in this course is an agreement to follow this attendance policy. Please read this policy carefully.

If you miss 3 classes you can not pass this course and will receive a “NC” if it is past the drop date. There are no excused absences in this attendance policy. If you miss 3 classes, you can not pass. Check your calendar now to make sure you do not have any travel that conflicts with this course time.

This is a studio course, it is essential that our work is completed in community. You will work with and be in dialogue with your peers and the instructor. Engaged critique is an essential aspect of this course, we will review and discuss work in a public forum. The only way to engage with critique is to be present in class.

Tufts University Policies

Academic Integrity
    Faculty Responsibilities

    Faculty members and other instructors are responsible for creating an atmosphere of integrity and honesty in their courses, in their research, and in their other academic interactions. This is accomplished by:
    • Clearly defining expectations in course syllabi;
    • Communicating any course- or discipline-specific scholarly procedures to students;
    • Engaging students in robust ways; and
    • Reporting concerns about academic misconduct each time such concerns are known.
    Student Responsibilities

    Students are responsible for creating an atmosphere of integrity and honesty in all assignments, class discussions, research conducted, and other academic work.  This is accomplished by:
    • Learning and using proper scholarly procedures;
    • Scrupulously following directions and asking for clarification when needed; and
    • Engaging with course material fully and meeting the spirit of the assignment.

    ︎︎Accomodations for Students with Disabilities

    We support students with a range of physical, sensory, psychological, medical, and learning disabilities, including temporary conditions such as injuries or broken bones.

    Depending on the nature of the disability and the particular needs of the student, a variety of supports are available. These can include, but are not limited to:
    • Classrooms accommodations (e.g., furniture, materials in alternate formats).
    • Exam accommodations (e.g., time-based exam accommodations)
    • Auxiliary aids and services (e.g., notetakers, CART services, lecture recordings).
    • Non-academic accommodations (e.g., housing, dietary, and parking).
    • Introductions and referrals to other campus resources

    If you are wondering if a specific kind of accommodation is possible at Tufts, please contact us, and we can work with you on your specific situation.
    Food Resources

    Mental Health Support

    00

    Weekly Typography Collection






    Weekly Typography Collection:


    An ongoing project throughout the semester where you will build a focused collection of typographic examples, documenting and organizing them on Are.na. This collection will help you start to hone your own interests in typographic form and meaning. 


    1–Project Description

    Throughout this semester, you will develop a practice of looking closely at typography in the world and in archives. Rather than passively scrolling through images, you will actively curate a focused collection that demonstrates your ability to observe, identify, and analyze typographic forms.

    Your collection will live on Are.na, a visual research platform where you can gather, organize, and share your findings. By the end of the semester, your channel will serve as a rich resource—both for your own design practice and as evidence of your growing typographic literacy.


    2–Choose the Focus of Your Collection

    Select ONE of the following collection themes to pursue throughout the semester. Your choice should reflect something you're genuinely curious about:

    Historical/Stylistic Collections:

    • Art Deco typography (1920s-1940s posters, advertisements, signage)
    • Psychedelic letterforms (1960s-70s concert posters, album covers)
    • Constructivist typography (Russian avant-garde, 1920s-30s)
    • Victorian ornamental type (19th century advertising, packaging)
    • Swiss International Style (1950s-70s rational, grid-based design)
    • Grunge typography (1990s deconstructed, layered aesthetics)
    • Brutalist web typography (contemporary raw, functional design)

    Contextual Collections:

    • Movie title cards (opening credits across different eras or genres)
    • Book cover typography (specific genre: sci-fi, mystery, romance, etc.)
    • Vintage food packaging (cereal boxes, candy wrappers, etc.)
    • Protest sign lettering (historical movements)
    • Hand-painted storefront signs (specific region or time period)
    • Record label typography (Blue Note, Motown, Factory Records, etc.)
    • Magazine mastheads (fashion, news, culture publications)
    • Sports team logos and wordmarks (evolution over time)
    • Public transit signage systems (wayfinding typography)

    Technical Collections:

    • Blackletter variations across different countries/eras
    • Script and cursive styles (formal vs. casual)
    • Stencil letterforms (military, shipping, street art)
    • Monospaced typefaces in different contexts
    • Display types with inline details (striped, outlined, shadowed)
    • Condensed vs. extended type families

    You may propose your own collection focus if you have a specific interest not listed above. It must be approved by Mary by Week 2.

    3–Quantity & Frequency:

    • Add at least 5-7 examples per week to your Are.na channel
    • By the end of the semester, you should have at least 50 examples minimum


    4–Quality Standards:

    Each item you collect must include:
    1. High-quality image (clear, well-lit, properly cropped)

    2. Source citation including:
      • Where you found it (archive name, website, museum, etc.)
      • Original source if known (designer, publication, date)
      • Direct link to the original source when available

    3. Brief description (2-3 sentences) noting:
      • What drew you to this example
      • Specific typographic qualities you observe (weight, style, spacing, etc.)
      • Historical or cultural context when relevant

    5–Approved Sources:

    You should primarily collect from legitimate archives and collections, like the following:

    Major Typography Archives:

    Museum & Library Collections:

    Publications:

    For Contemporary Work:
    • Designer portfolios and studio websites
    • Other design publications (Print, Baseline magazines)
    • Foundry specimen books and websites

    Physical Documentation: You may also photograph typography you encounter in the world (signs, packaging, etc.), these should be:
    • Clearly photographed with good lighting
    • Properly documented with location and date
    • Researched for historical context when possible


    6–How to Use Are.na

    Setting Up Your Account:

    1. Go to are.na
    2. Sign up for a free account
    3. Choose a username
    4. Complete your profile with your name and a brief bio

    Creating Your Collection Channel:

    1. Click the "+" button in the top right corner
    2. Select "New Channel"
    3. Name your channel clearly:
      • Format: "Your Name - Collection Focus"
      • Example: "Sarah Chen - Art Deco Typography" or "Marcus Williams - Movie Title Cards"
    4. Write a channel description explaining your collection focus and goals
    5. Keep your channel Public so it can be viewed and graded

    Adding Content to Your Channel:

    Method 1: Using the Are.na Extension (Recommended)
    1. Install the Are.na browser extension for Chrome or Firefox
    2. When you find an image online, click the extension icon
    3. Select your collection channel
    4. Add a title and description with source information

    Method 2: Manual Upload
    1. Save image to your computer (right-click > Save Image As)
    2. In your Are.na channel, click "Add block"
    3. Select "Upload" and choose your image
    4. Add title, description, and source link

    Method 3: Link/Embed
    1. In your channel, click "Add block"
    2. Select "Link" and paste the URL
    3. Are.na will automatically pull in the image and information
    4. Add additional context in the description

    Organizing Your Collection:

    • Add descriptive titles to each block
    • Use the description field for your observations and citations
    • Tag related items using connections (link blocks that share qualities)
    • Consider creating sub-channels if your collection develops distinct categories
    • You can drag blocks to reorder them as your thinking evolves

    Citation Format:

    For each item, include in the description:

    Source: [Archive/Website Name]

    Original: [Designer Name, Publication/Context, Year]

    Link: [Direct URL]

    [Your 2-3 sentence observation about the typography]


    Example:

    Source: Letterform Archive

    Original: Herb Lubalin, Avant Garde Magazine logo, 1968

    Link: https://letterformarchive.org/...

    The interlocking ligatures create a compact, futuristic wordmark that perfectly captured the magazine's progressive spirit. The tight letterspacing and geometric forms reflect the modernist enthusiasm of the late 1960s.



    7–Evaluation Criteria:

    Your collection will be evaluated on:

    Consistency (30%)
    • Regular weekly additions throughout the semester
    • Meeting minimum quantity requirements

    Quality of Curation (30%)
    • Thoughtful selection of examples that demonstrate understanding of your chosen focus
    • Clear visual relationships between items
    • Progression of your eye and understanding over time

    Documentation (25%)
    • Proper source citations for all items
    • Thoughtful observations in descriptions
    • High-quality images

    Visual Literacy (15%)
    • Ability to identify and articulate typographic qualities
    • Understanding of historical/cultural context
    • Development of a critical eye

    8–Important Dates

    • Week 1: Assignment introduction, Are.na tutorial

    • Week 2: Collection focus selected and approved; first 5 examples uploaded

    • Week 4: Check-in (should have 15 examples)

    • Week 7: Check-in (should have 30 examples)

    • Week 10: Collection complete (50 examples minimum)

    9–Tips for Success

    • Be consistent: Set aside 30-60 minutes each week to add to your collection

    • Go deep, not wide: A focused collection with thoughtful observations is better than a scattered one

    • Follow connections: When you find one great example, look for related work

    • Read the descriptions: Many archives include excellent historical context

    • Save everything: If something catches your eye, save it—you can always remove it later

    • Look for relationships: How do examples relate to each other? What patterns emerge?

    • Be curious: Let your collection guide you toward new discoveries and make a note of what you are curious about

    Questions?

    Ask questions in class or bring them to office hours.

    Share your Are.na channel link in the class Google Doc by Week 2.


    01

    Alphabet BookAlphabet Book:

    A series of experimental, rapidly-created letterforms created by hand using paper, cell phone camera, scanners, as well as found materials from your environment resulting in a collaborative class book made using the RISO printer and bound with an elastic band.



    Project Description




















    We are starting with a mini experiment that will cover a lot of ground and get you warmed up for the semester. It will also be incredibly fun.

    Part 1: PAPER EXPERIMENTS
    Print your letters from the PDF below. They are “bold Helvetica” Manipulate these letterforms to create new images. Print out your own letters on pages and make more. Enjoy yourself, have fun, “lean in” to the process of manipulating the paper. 

    Part 2: FOUND OBJECT EXPERIMENTS
    Create new letterforms from found materials. For example, you can make them out of tape, ground meat, dirt, other natural objects, your hands, shadows, your hair, candy, shaving cream, sticks, photograph or make a rubbing of a crack in the sidewalk that looks like an “Y”... ETC.

    Part 3: CREATE 11x17 COMPOSITIONS IN INDESIGN
    Photograph or scan your letters, both paper experiments and found objects. Bring them into the computer. Bump up the contrast as needed in Photoshop. Edit as much or little as desired. Use repetition, scale, and rotation to make interesting compositions. One letter per composition (for example, the letter “M” not the letters “M” and “P” in the same composition. We will be able to layer them on top of each other next week on the RISO.

    Requirements:
    —only work in black and white (includes graphite/pencil)
    —create 20 new “letterforms” or compositions
    —*avoid* large areas of smooth rich black, the RISO printer works better with a little texture 

    Bring to class:
    —A PDF of your 20 compositions in Google Drive
    —Print out your favorite compositions on 11x17 paper (before class)

    You do not need to print them all out, but you can.



    How to do this work:



    Get the ability to print :

    Link for printing on Jumbo from the web:

    jumboprint.tufts.edu/MyPrintCenter
    Download Jumbo print drivers here

    Part 1 (started in class)


    1. Print your letters out, 5-10 of each letter depending on how you work 

    PDF of Alphabet is here only print the pages you need, i.e. letter “M”


    2. Go crazy experimenting on this paper:

    Consider the following ways:
    —cut
    —tear
    —slice
    —fold
    —crumple gently
    —crumple intensely
    —roll, wave
    —place on scanner and move while scanning
    —draw on it 
    —draw around it
    —shade it in
    —trace it onto a new sheet 

    Experiment with all of these materials/modes, at least once:
    —graphite/pencil
    —charcoal
    —pen
    —big fat marker
    —ink and brush
    —tearing
    —folding
    —cutting with xacto
    —using the scanner

    Resist over complicating your letterforms or compositions. You will have the opportunity to layer colors on the RISO. Focus on experimenting with familiar and unfamiliar ways of working and manipulating the letterform. If you are having a good time, you are doing it right. 




    rings
    ribbon
    leaf
    necklace
    oats
    ribbon
    matches (outside!)
    wax


    Part 2

    Take a long walk and bring your phone (camera). Try to be present and observe the world around you (instead of doing things on your phone—maybe even put it in airplane mode if you are tempted). Search for letterforms on signs, in cracks in the sidewalk, in restaurant windows. Look up and down — do the buildings make a letter with the sky?

    Use objects found in your environment to create letterforms — after you make these, you will photograph them, bring them into the computer, and lay them out on your 11x17” pages in InDesign.



    Part 3


    How to document your paper experiments:

    Photograph or scan the letters that you made, bring them into your InDesign document —

    1. Open Adobe InDesign

    2. File > New

    3. 11x17, change units to inches, un-check “facing pages”, name your file

    4. When you are in InDesign, use File > Place to place an image

    5. To edit your image from Photoshop, go to Window > Links, use the hamburger menu, choose the image, and select “Open With Photoshop” — after you make your edits in Photoshop save the file with the same name and it will automatically update in InDesign.

    6. Work iteratively by duplicating your pages.... In the”Pages” palette, select the page you want to duplicate, on a Mac computer hold down the “Option” key, drag your page slightly to the right until you see a vertical line, release. You should see the page repeated. Make edits on this page and keep moving forward. You can edit and select your favorites later!

    If you are using the lab computers, here is how to save your files for use later on another machine:
    File > Package, save the packaged file on your Google Drive or other place that works for you. The packaged file will include a PDF. This PDF is what you should print out before class, and what we will use for printing on the RISO.

    Upload your PDF to the class Google Drive folder (X_Name) -- letter underscore Your Name.

    Project Schedule:

    WEEK 1
    Project introduction, make and manipulate Helvetica letterforms in class, mini Photoshop and InDesign tutorials.

    WEEK 2 — RISO BOOK DAY (changed for snow, this will be WEEK 3)
    Meet in room 207

    DUE:
    20 Letterform Compositions at 11x17” size, as both a PDF and printed out

    Put the PDF version of your work in the class Google Drive Folder, we will use these PDFs for class and will access the drive from the  PC in the RISO room.

    I am still confused, what am I bringing to class?
    —Quantity: 20
    —Size: 11x17” 
    —Composition can be: “pages” or “poster” style, or a mix of both
    —Format: PDF (to send thru computer) + print outs (to use on the RISO glass top)

    Needed today: 
    – volunteers for book cover design + production
    – volunteer for postcard set bellyband design + production

    WEEK 4 — RISO BOOK DAY #2
    Meet in 207

    We will continue to print spreads and postcards in class today, assemble the final book and cover if we have critical mass.

    By the end of class final 11x17” book due, containing a page from each classmate, bound with elastic band (we will exchanges pages and bind them with the elastic at the top of class next class if we do not have all pages complete)
    WEEK 3, in more detail (was originally week 2)

    Class introduction/overview of the RISO with Louis Meola (louis.meola@tufts.edu). After the orientation, Louis will grant you permission to book the RISO machine for your work outside of class and give you card access to the room.

    (If you are not present in class on week 3 you will not be granted access and you will need to follow up on your own time to complete the assignment.)

    Together in class we will create a book. Everyone will print multiples of their letterform pages and we will “bind” them together with an elastic band.

    Right now I estimate the book will contain TWO compositions from each student (e.g. if my letters were “M” and “B” I would contribute an “M” composition and a “B” composition to the class book) — this may change when we are working together, for example, we may decide as a group to add more.

    First, we will plan our book as a class. We will use your black and white printouts to take a look at what we have. We may decide on a sequence. We will choose which ink colors to use. Students will group their files by ink color and we will run the pages for that color, switch the color out and run the next batch of pages. After that, we can get weird and experimental by printing things on top of other things. We will let the process and the possibilities and limitations of the RISO printer guide our outcome! It will be exciting and surprising.

    If we do not have enough time for each student to print their compositions on the RISO together in class, you will need to reserve the space and complete your prints before the project is due.

    RISO Printing Process

    1. TURN ON THE MACHINE

    • Power on the RISO printer
    • Wait for it to warm up and initialize
    • Turn on the RISO on the *right* first, this is a work around for something weird with the PC 

    2. PREPARE YOUR ARTWORK

    Your artwork file should be:
    • Converted to grayscale (RISO only reads tonal values, not colors)
    • 300-600 dpi resolution
    • Completely flattened (no layers or effects)
    • Saved as a PDF
    • Sized correctly with at least 0.25" margins (RISO can't print full bleed)

      (All of these should be fine if you made your PDF from the InDesign file)

    3. LOAD THE COLOR DRUM

    • Install the ink drum with your chosen color
    • RISO can only print one color at a time

    4. LOAD PAPER

    • Place a stack of paper in the paper tray (feather it, jog it up)
    • Use test/scrap paper first for your initial prints

    5. SEND YOUR FILE FROM THE COMPUTER (PC)

    Opening and Printing from Adobe Acrobat:

    Step 1: Open your PDF file in Adobe Acrobat Reader (not just a web browser)

    Step 2: Click File > Print (or press Ctrl+P)

    Step 3: In the print dialog box:
    • Select your RISO printer from the printer dropdown menu (it should show the model name like "SF9390 RISO" or "EZ590U")
    • Check that you're printing the correct page number
    • Verify the orientation is correct

    Step 4: Click Page Setup or Properties to access RISO-specific settings:
    • Paper size: Select A4 or A3 (matching your loaded paper)
    • Density: Adjust ink density (start at medium, you can test and adjust)
    • Print Mode:
      • Select "Line" for text and line art
      • Select "Photo" for photographs or illustrations with tonal gradients
    • Special effects (optional):
      • Grain Touch
      • Screen Covered
      • (See the RISO Color Overview sheet near your printer for reference)
    • Actual size: Make sure this is selected (not "fit to page")

    Step 5: Click OK to close the settings window

    Step 6: Click the Print button to send the file to the RISO

    Step 7: Wait 20-30 seconds for the file to transfer to the printer

    6. CHECK THE FILE ON THE RISO PRINTER

    • On the RISO printer display, press the Data-Map button
    • You should see your filename listed
    • If you sent the wrong file, press Clear and resend
    • If the file shows as paused, press Output to continue
    • If the printer warns about wrong color (even if correct), press Continue

    7. CREATE THE MASTER (STENCIL)

    • The machine will now automatically burn the master
    • Tiny holes are burned into a thermal master sheet, creating a stencil
    • This master wraps around the drum
    • Watch the display to confirm the master is being created

    8. MAKE TEST PRINTS

    • Press the green Print button on the RISO
    • The first copy will be very faint - this is normal
    • Make about 10 test copies until the print appears properly saturated with ink

    9. ADJUST REGISTRATION (if needed)

    • Check if the print is positioned correctly on the paper
    • To move the print forwards or backwards: use the directional buttons
    • To move it left or right: turn the adjustment wheel

    10. PRINT YOUR EDITION

    • Once satisfied with test prints, load your good paper
    • Set the number of copies you want
    • Press Print
    • RISO prints very fast (up to 150 pages/minute)

    11. FOR MULTI-COLOR PRINTS

    • Let the first color dry (at least 1 hour; longer for blue and black ink or heavy coverage)
    • Remove the first color drum
    • Install the next color drum
    • Open your second layer PDF file in Adobe Acrobat
    • Repeat Steps 5-10 with the second color file
    • Important: Feed your already-printed sheets back through for the second color layer
    • Repeat for each additional color

    12. TURN OFF THE MACHINE

    • Complete all printing
    • Power down the RISO printer
    • Allow prints to fully dry (RISO uses rice oil-based ink that takes time to dry)

    Common Issues:

    • Paper jams: Check for stuck paper, clear it, and press the error button to restart
    • Multiple sheets feeding: Adjust the paper feed knobs
    • Dirty prints: Clean the feed wheels/rollers
    • Low paper warning: Refill the paper tray
    • File not appearing: Wait 30 seconds, check Data-Map screen, ensure RISO drivers are installed correctly


    01

    Franken-form!Franken-form:

    A series of experimental, rapidly-created letterforms created by hand using paper, cell phone camera, scanners, as well as found materials from your environment resulting in a collaborative class book made using the RISO printer and bound with an elastic band.



    Project Description

    Readings



    Most of the readings live here:
    https://www.are.na/mary-banas/type-as-image-readings




    The Politics of Design: A (Not So) Global Manual for Visual Communication (PDF)

    Reading this whole book is great! Here is the recommended reading for the “STUDIO EXPERIMENTS: IMAGE” work:

    Pages 66-76 in the PDF (it is set up as spreads, that’s why)
    Page numbers in the book are 129-149
    Chapter “SYMBOLS AND ICONS”



    Events


    Title

    Date
    Time
    Place


    Description




    Review Boards: Advice


    BEFORE: PLANNING N ADVANCE

    Start to gather and organize your materials; digital and physical things —take stock on what you have. I encourage you to include MORE work rather than less, but curate the way you present the work (i.e. final work is pinned up or on a table and process is there but displayed in a secondary way)—If you have digital work to present, think through what tech you will need and reach out to SMFA Staff or a tech savvy friend to trouble shoot that well before your Review time (do you need to have your work on a drive? Do you need to connect to a screen? Do you need speakers? Etc.)

    —Make a plan for printing things you might need to print out—If you want to make anything more “finished” schedule this into your life (i.e. I want to make 5 copies of my zine to put on the table at Review Boards)

    —Include sketchbooks and process! People love to see this, and sometimes the critics will be able to make a connection that is not apparent in your finished work through your process/sketches work

    —Make a plan to get a friend to help you set up and break down

    —Reflect on the semester for yourself (take 15 minutes to write this stuff down): what did you learn? What are you sure about? What do you want advice or direction on? (courses to take, professional advice, references to inform your work). If you struggle with this, have a friend ask you questions about your school and career goals, and record the convo to jot notes down from it. Sometimes a natural conversation is easier than writing. 










    PRACTICAL THINGS

    1. Start on time; if someone arrives late that is on them! This is your time and you should use all of it. Your work should be displayed and ready before. your start time.
    2. Ask the students who are taking notes to record in the way that is your preference; for example “make sure you jot down the course names” or “I am really looking for artist references, can you help me ask for that?” “will you record audio instead of written notes?” ETC. I have noticed that some of the peers in review boards do not take a ~single~ note, so if you want something from them you may have to ask for it. Other topics to ask your peers: about courses, about labs, about study abroad, about internships, about opportunities off campus (galleries/social things)
    3. Ask the students or one of the professors for a timer when there are 10 or 5 minutes left, or you can set a timer on your phone. This will let you have the last few minutes of the meeting to ask a question or otherwise conclude.   
    DURING THE REVIEW

    This is your review. Based on the reflection you wrote, what are your goals for this meeting? Have these goals in mind and focus the group if they get off track (i.e. the group is talking for 20 minutes about a project that I am no longer interested in)

    Frame up your presentation like this:
    1. Tell people what you are going to show them and WHY, and set any practical expectations
    2. Show them what you said you would show them (your work)
    3. Tell them what you just showed them (context / questions)  

    For example, your review board might go like this:

    Take a minute before this all goes down to get your mind right. Believe in your ideas and your work. Know that everyone is there to help you and guide you. Also remind yourself that you do not have to take any of the feedback, you are just there to listen, have a conversation, and decide what is valuable to you later.


    1. Introduce yourself and state your pronouns, your area of focus and your year, something else like where you grew up or what you love about Boston is also nice to give a fuller picture of who you are; ask everyone else to introduce themselves because it is likely you will not know them or what department they are in, or they will not know each other—this sets the tone for the conversation. 

    2. Artist might say something like “I am going to show you three projects, with a special interest in the video which is unfinished at this time. I would like to give you an overview of these works and then for the video project I want to talk about possibilities. Then I will ask you for some advice on courses I should take. I would love to know what references you think I should be watching, reading or looking at based on the work you see here today. Finally, I have a timer set for 10 of, during which time I will ask any final questions I have”   

      OR  artist might say something like “I am going to show you five things today. The first 3 are from my screen printing class, which has been a fruitful area of exploration this semester. I realized I am really interested in color after doing that work. I would like to hear what other printmaking or fine art classes I should take to get more into color. I am also going to show you a motion piece and a print piece. I am curious to know what threads you see across my work formally and from a content point of view"

    3. Show your work, walk through your projects, give context. What is most important for an audience to know is what you were aiming or aspiring to do — what interest led you to making this work (I am interested in working with metal, I am interested in fairy tales and character building). Some work speaks for itself and can have a cold read (a video, graphic design) so you can also do that. Do what feels right for you, but DIRECT the focus of the critics on the stuff you want to talk about or you want the most feedback on.

    4. Ask specific questions if you have them, the critics should be asking you a bunch of questions here to get to know you / your work better

    5. Re-cap — tell everyone what they just saw, ask the final questions / anything you did not get to  

    6. Thank the guests!

    7. Break stuff down with your friend

    8. Give yourself a little treat for a great Review Board!


    AFTER THE REVIEW

    After reviewboards: the critics will send you notes via an internal system. You can follow up with any of the professors if you have additional questions and you can also thank them for their time and attention. In life, you will never regret “being a person”, and that is glue that connects us all together (and business runs on relationships, too, so when you want advice or to get into a class or to connect with a professional and you find it is that same professor who was in your review board... they will remember you as a nice person!)

    A NOTE ON MY NOTES

    I have been a reviewer for the time I have been at Tufts, but I do not have deep experience with this process here. The people who will really know the most about this experience are your peers who are juniors and seniors. Ask them what it has been like, how you can prepare, what they would do differently, etc. 


    Tutorials


    Printing on Campus


    How to print from your laptop

    Install JumboPrint on your computer

    You can add the JumboPrint application to your Windows or Mac computer and use it the same way you would with a personal or office printer. Select either Tufts_Bw or Tufts_Color when printing documents, and then retrieve your print job from any JumboPrint location.

    Please note that all public computers on the Tufts campuses are already configured to print to JumboPrint.

    Printing at SMFA is free.





    Download the packages, open them on your computer, double check on the package to open it, it will look like this:


    This install window pops up, press the button on the bottom right to confirm all the steps of installation

    How to print from the browser

    Go to: https://access.tufts.edu/jumboprint, sign into your tufts account so you can see this https://jumboprint.tufts.edu/MyPrintCenter

    1. Click on “upload”, select your PDF (remember the name of your file)

    2. Check the box next to your print

    3. At bottom right, choose “Black & White” (or color if you are printing color); select “Single Sided” (unless you want to print double-sided)

    4. Pages per side should be “1”


    5. Go out in the hallway and swipe your ID, choose the job name you want (this is the name of your file) to print and press “OK”

    InDesign


    How to set up your 11 x 17” for your alphabet book

    How to export from InDesign to a PDF


    Photoshop


    How to bump up contrast on your photographs

    Illustrator


    © Professor Mary Banas, Fall 2025School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts Universitysmfa.tufts.edu